Sebuah siklus Rankine PLTU modern dengan Boiler & Reheater, Turbin terdiri High Pressure, Intermediate Pressure, Low Pressure bekerja pada data-data dibawah ini.
Hitung Kerja Turbin, Daya Turbin, Kerja Pompa, Kalor masuk, Kalor keluar, & Efisiensi Thermal.
Jawab: Skema siklus Rankine dengan data-datanya:
Gambar 1. Skema Siklus Rankine PLTU Modern
Dari tabel sifat-sifat uap panas lanjut atau software steam calculation didapat:
Entropy steam ke HP Turbin: s6 = 6,42 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy steam ke Reheater: h7 = 3038,70 kJ/kg
Entropy steam ke Reheater: s7 = s6 = 6,42 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy steam ke IP Turbin: h8 = 3537,17 kJ/kg
Entropy steam ke IP Turbin: s8 = 7,26 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy steam ke LP Turbin: h9 = 3117,02 kJ/kg
Entropy steam ke LP Turbin: s9 = s8 = 7,26 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy extraction steam dari IP ke Deaerator: h11 = 3107,63 kJ/kg
Entropy air kondensat ke Condenser: s10 = s8 = 7,26 kJ/kg.K
Enthalpy fase uap air kondensat ke Condenser: hg10 = 2600,72 kJ/kg
Enthalpy fase cair air kondensat ke Condenser: hf10 = 231,70 kJ/kg
Enthalpy perubahan fase air kondensat ke Condenser: hfg10 = 2369,02 kJ/kg
Entropy fase uap air kondensat ke Condenser: sg10 = 7,98 kJ/kg.K
Entropy fase cair air kondensat ke Condenser: sf10 = 0,77 kJ/kg.K
Entropy perubahan fase air kondensat ke Condenser: sfg10 = 7,21 kJ/kg.K
Fraksi air kondensat ke Condenser:
x10 = (s10 - sf10) / sfg10
= 0,8997
= 89,97 %
x10 = (h10 - hf10) / hf10
h10 = (x10 . hfg10) + hf10
= (0,8997 . 2369,02) + 231,70
= 2363,10 kJ/kg
Kerja Turbin:
W Turbin = (h6 - h7) + (h8 - h10) - (h8 - h11)
= 1104,40 kJ/kg
Daya Turbin:
m6 = 2169 T/H
= 603 kg/s
m8 = 1788 T/H
= 497 kg/s
m9 = 1665 T/H
= 463 kg/s
m11 = 47,50 T/H
= 13 kg/s
P Turbin = m6.(h6 - h7) + ((m8.(h8 - h9)) - (m11 . H11)) + m9.(h9 - h10)
= 733191,04 KW
= 733,19 MW
Kerja Pompa CEP:
v1 (Volume jenis air) = 0,00101 m3/kg
p1 = 0,0834 bar
= 0,00834 Mpa
= 8,34 Kpa
p2 = 20 bar
= 2 Mpa
= 2000 Kpa
W CEP = v1 . (p2 - p1)
= 2,01 kJ/kg
Kerja Pompa BFP:
v3 = 0,00113 m3/kg
p3 = 8,33 bar
= 0,83 Mpa
= 833 Kpa
p4 = 208,2 bar
= 20,82 Mpa
= 20820 Kpa
W BFP = v3 . (p4 - p3)
= 22,32 kJ/kg
Kerja Pompa total:
W Pompa Total = W CEP + W BFP
= 24,33 kJ/kg
Daya Pompa CEP:
m2 = 1668 T/H
= 463 kg/s
P CEP = W CEP . m2
= 930,92 KW
= 0,93 MW
h2 = h1 + W CEP
= 179,16 kJ/kg
Daya Pompa BFP:
m3 = 2112 T/H
= 587 kg/s
P BFP = W BFP . m3
= 13096,93 KW
= 13,10 MW
h4 = h3 + W BFP
= 750,30 kJ/kg
Daya Pompa total:
P Pompa Total = P CEP + 2 . P BFP
= 27,12 MW
Daya Turbin Nett:
P Turbin Nett = P Turbin - P Pompa Total
= 706,07 MW
Kalor yang dibuang Condenser:
Q out = h10 - h1
= 2186,00 kJ/kg
Daya Condenser untuk membuang kalor:
m1 = 1668 T/H
= 463 kg/s
m10 = 1368 T/H
= 380 kg/s
P Condenser = (m10 . H10) - (m1 . H1)
= 815915,61 KW
= 815,92 MW
Kalor yang masuk ke sistem:
Q in = (h6 - h5) + (h8 - h7) - (h8 - h11)
= 2196,93 kJ/kg
Daya yang dihasilkan Boiler:
m5 = 2112 T/H
= 587 kg/s
m7 = 1788 T/H
= 497 kg/s
P Boiler = ((m6 . h6)-(m5 - h5)) + ((m8 . h8) - (m7 . h7))
= 1549810,43 KW
= 1549,81 MW
Efisiensi Thermal Siklus Rankine:
η Thermal = (W Turbin - W Pompa Total) / Q in
= 49,16 %